TOEFL аудирование тест №2

Directions

This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear each conversation or lecture only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it.
The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker's purpose or attitude. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.
You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.
In some questions, you will see this icon: ??? . This means that you will hear, but not see, part of the question.
Some questions have special directions. These directions appear in a gray box.
Most questions are worth one point. A question worth more than one point will have special instructions indicating how many points you can receive.
You will have 20 minutes to answer the questions in this section.

Now get ready to listen. You may take notes.

START

Questions 1-6

Listen to part of a lecture in a business studies class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.



1. What is the lecture mainly about?

A method for evaluating outcomes
A technique for avoiding controversy
A comparison of beneficial inputs
A formula for sidestepping failure





2. In the lecture, the professor describes some costs and benefits of investing in new machinery. Indicate whether each of the following is a cost or a benefit for a company planning on making an investment decision.

Check the correct box for each statement

Cost Benefit

The new machine has lower energy consumption than the old one.

The insurance payments are higher for the new machine.

The new machine produces higher-quality products.

Additional floor space is required for the new machine.

The new machine has more safety features than the old one.




























3. Why does the professor mention the introduction of machinery?

To underline the importance of monetary units
To help explain how costs and benefits are worked out
To show that many machines are too expensive
To emphasize the financial side of business decisions

4. Why does the professor say this: ???

She thinks some costs are difficult to see.
She does not think the analysis is complicated.
She wants students to understand the loss of money.
She does not think all benefits are really benefits.



5. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ???

To verify how tricky it is to apply CBA to a transportation business
To introduce impressive software for building roads
To show how to calculate the building of a new road
To give an example of an analysis done in the public domain


6. According to the professor, how does CBA evaluate subjective things?

By asking people what something is worth
By studying how people use money
By subtracting costs from benefits
By asking experts for their opinions


Questions 7-11

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.


7. Why does the student go to see her professor?

To pick up her research paper
To get advice on citing sources
To get feedback on her research paper
To discuss the nutritional value of chocolate


8. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ???

To show how experts are biased
To explain why the Web site is bad
To encourage the student to visit the professor
To indicate that she needs to pay attention to other details




9. Why does Dr. Johnson criticize the student's use of a university Web site?

The research was put together by students.
The professor was not an expert in the field.
The Web site wasn't from a prestigious university.
The Web site did not have the .edu domain in its address.


10. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ???

To encourage the student to investigate the claims further
To indicate that the research on chocolate was well funded
To encourage the student to be closed-minded about the study
To explain that the research suggests salt should be added to chocolate




11. What does the professor say about the research sponsored by a company?

It is biased.
It is not wll funded.
It should be repeatable.
It should be thrown out.



Questions 12-17

Listen to part of a lecture in an architecture class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.


12. What is the lecture mainly about?

The first skyscrapers in America
The influence of the English Arts and Crafts movement
The Prairie School of Architecture
Oriental motifs in American architecture


13. What can be said about the nature of Prairie School architecture?
Choose 2 answers

It tried to harmonize with nature.
It was mostly expressed in large public buildings.
It was mainly concerned with domestic living spaces.
It was Midwestern American in nature with no foreign influences.




14. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ???

To introduce a new discussion topic for the lecture
To suggest that the name of the school is slightly inappropriate
To find out whether the students have understood the concept of prairie
To express disagreement with the stated aims of the Prairie School architects

15. According to the professor, how did the Prairie School architects make living space more compatible with human needs?
Choose 2 answers

Through the use of vertical windows
By abolishing closed interior corners
Through the use of elaborate ornamentation
By decreasing the number of separate rooms



16. What does the professor say about the use of ornamentation by Prairie School architects?

They liked colorful designs and a variety of decorations.
They tended to use ornamentation only if it complemented a design.
The only ornamentation they used was based on Japanese models.
The only decoration they permitted was in furniture design.

17. Why does the professor mention traditional Japanese houses?

To contrast Japanese architectural design with the Prairie School design
To show the relationship between Japanese use of space and overall ornamentation
To give an example of how turned-up roof edges don't blend in with the horizontal lines of the flat prairies
To show how the influence of Oriental themes was expressed in the Prairie School designs


Questions 18-23

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

18. What aspect of a meme's behavior does the professor mainly discuss?

Its genetic structure
Its ability to disappear
Its physical appearance
Its tendency to be copied

19. Why does the professor say this: ???

To find out if students already know the main points
To suggest that some of the information is controversial
To hint that most of the discussion is wrong
To explain why gene theory is considered out of date



20. What does the professor say about memes?
They will eventually disappear.
They cause us to mutate.
They are passed on to other people.
They are usually harmful.

21. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ???

To make a joke about what could be considered as a meme
To indicate that important ideas could be transferred by memes
To show how memes can be used for the preparation of food
To show a contrast between the idea of constructing bridges and making fires



22. What does the professor imply about the importance of memes in our minds?

Memes are related to our thoughts.
Memes are controlled by our brains.
Memes and emotions are identical.
Memes are necessary for our emotions.

23. Which of the following is NOT true about memes?

Memes can be found in our genes.
Memes can be passed on to other people.
Memes can represent true or false ideas.
Memes can die out.


Questions 24-29

Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

24. What is the main topic of the lecture?

Reasons for the disappearance of the Anasazi culture
Reasons for the fighting between different cultures
Reasons for environmental degradation
Reasons for the development of the Anasazi culture

25. What does the professor imply about the term Anasazi?

It should not be used.
There are better alternatives.
It is not a well-known name.
It is no longer acceptable to some people.



26. According to the professor, why did the Anasazi start making pottery?

They wanted to trade with other cultures.
They wanted to develop artistic skills.
Pottery is better for keeping food.
Their baskets were ineffective.

27. Why does the professor say this: ???

She was trying to recall where in the lecture she was.
She was unsure which culture she was describing.
She realized that the students were not listening carefully.
She forgot to tell the students about road-building techniques.







28. Based on the information in the discussion, indicate whether each of the following is accepted by most scientists.

Check the correct box for each statement

YesNo

They left their villages because of the spread of diseases.

They left their villages because of invaders.

They left their villages because of lack of resources.


















29. What does the professor imply about the Anasazi's use of their environment?

They were aware of the damage they were causing.
They did not protect their environment well.
They tried to manage their resources properly.
They were sophisticated in their use of resources.


Questions 30-34

Listen to part of a conversation between two students.



Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

30. What are the students mainly discussing?

The importance of being presumed innocent
Court procedure in criminal cases
The definitions of some legal terms
Legal rights of defendants

31. Why does the woman say this: ???

To invite the man to accompany her
To let the man know she doesn't have much time
To ask the man if he would like to meet her roommate
To check that the man has finished his test review



32. According to the conversation, which of the following statements are correct?
Choose 2 answers

The defendant tries to show that he or she is not guilty.
The prosecutor usually works for the government.
The plaintiff is often convicted.
The burden of proof rests with the jury.

33. What can be inferred about the value of circumstantial evidence for prosecutors?

It is useful but never sufficient for gaining a conviction.
All court cases require it.
Prosecutors often use it to gain a conviction.
Without direct evidence, it is unreliable.



34. According to the conversation, what do most people think about circumstantial evidence?

It is better than direct evidence for gaining a conviction.
It is not very useful for gaining a conviction.
It cannot be used in criminal court cases.
It is very persuasive in court cases.