TOEFL аудирование тест №4

Directions

This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear each conversation or lecture only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it.

The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker's purpose or attitude. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.

You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.

In some questions, you will see this icon: ??? . This means that you will hear, but not see, part of the question.

Some questions have special directions. These directions appear in a gray box.

Most questions are worth one point. A question worth more than one point will have special instructions indicating how many points you can receive.

You will have 20 minutes to answer the questions in this section.

Now get ready to listen. You may take notes.

START

Questions 1-7

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

1. What is the lecture mainly about? An analysis of genetically caused mental disorders A description of some common anxiety disorders An evaluation of the causes of some anxiety disorders A method of comparing different mental disorders

2. Why does the professor say that many people feel anxious when they visit a dentist? To emphasize the problems faced by social phobics To indicate that it is rational to have an anxiety attack in some situations To show that it is irrational to be anxious in many situations To give an example of a common anxiety trigger for most people

3. What does the professor say about specific phobias? Their object is usually safe. Their object is often dangerous. They become worse with age. They usually start in childhood.

4. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To check that the students understand the joke To express disapproval of the students' behavior To emphasize her belief that this is truly bizarre To imply that this phobia seems funny to most people

5. Social phobia might include which of the following fears? Fear of heights Fear of enclosed spaces Fear of eating in front of others Fear of encountering dangerous animals

6. What does the professor imply when she says this: ??? The term may not be familiar to the students. The term is not relevant to the lecture. The students should already know the term. The students should know the term from their textbooks.

7. What does the professor imply about treatment of phobias? Treatment rarely succeeds. Treatment is not usually necessary. Treatment is long and difficult. Treatment takes various forms.

Questions 8-12

START

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

8. Why does the student go to see his professor? To give the professor a questionnaire To find out why the professor asked to see him To ask the professor how to write a good questionnaire To let the professor know the results of the questionnaire

9. Why does the professor talk about fruit and vegetables? To illustrate a point To encourage a healthy diet To highlight people's preferences To give an example of a good statement

10. According to the professor, what should the student avoid in writing his questionnaire? Choose 2 answers Thinking about the statements critically Helping the subjects answer the questions Alienating his subjects with statements that may be offensive Including statements for which he knows the probable response

11. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this: ??? To indicate that she needs to get some exercise To encourage the student to run through the statements To explain why she needs to answer the questionnaire To indicate that she can't remember the exact difficulties

12. What can be inferred about the questionnaire? It is a class assignment. It will be passed out to classmates. It has annoyed the women subjects. It is part of a larger research project.

Questions 13-17

START

Listen to part of a discussion in a geology class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

13. What is the discussion mainly about? The lack of moisture in the tundra The severe climate of the tundra The characteristics of tundra plants The availability of tundra soil

14. Why does the professor not want to discuss Alpine tundra? The topic is outside the course objectives. The topic warrants a lesson to itself. The topic might confuse students at this stage. The topic had been discussed previously.

15. According to the professor, what features are typical of tundra regions? Choose 2 answers The landscape is relatively flat, The summers tend to be hot and humid, The trees adapt to the lack of rain. The melted snow stays on the surface.

16. According to the professor, why do tundra plants often cluster together in depressions? To help themselves gain adequate amounts of water To compensate for the lack of nutrients in the ground To protect themselves against the cold winds To provide shade against the prolonged summer sun

17. In the discussion, various facts about plants in the tundra are mentioned. Indicate whether each of the following describes tundra vegetation. Check the correct box for each statement
	Yes	No
Plant roots are adapted to penetrate the frozen ground. Plants are protected from the cold by a snow covering. Plant growth is dependent on heavy rainfall. Trees tend to be protected by the forest. Plant growth is rapid in the summer.

Questions 18-24

START

Listen to part of a lecture in a cultural studies class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

18. What is the lecture mainly about? The importance of Isadora Duncan to modern dance The failure of nineteenth-century dance conventions The innovations in ballet dancing in the twentieth century Isadora Duncan's use of costume in modern dance

19. What does the professor imply about other artists of Duncan's time? Most were very conventional. Many were looking for different forms of movement. Many were looking for new ways to express themselves. Most were content to make only a few new contributions.

20. Which of the following may have been an influence on Duncan's art? Audience participation Folk dancing Modern ballet dance Other artists

21. Which of the following does the professor consider a contribution of Duncan's? Ritualized step movements Performance in the open air Copying of theatrical impulses Classical music in performances

22. In the lecture, the professor describes some of the main contributions made by Isadora Duncan to modern dance. Indicate whether each of the following is a contribution made by this dancer. Check the correct box for each statement.
	Yes	No
Tight-fitting shoes are worn. Loose-fitting gowns are worn. Mainly the arms are used for expression. A variety of popular music forms accompany the dancing. Emotional expression is important.

23. What is the professor's attitude toward Isadora Duncan's innovations? He is ironic. He is critical. He is appreciative. He is unconcerned.

24. What does the professor imply about Duncan's current status? It may not always be fully appreciated. It often excites critical scorn. It has stimulated anger and grief. It is less esteemed than previously.

Questions 25-30

START

Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

25. What is the main topic of the lecture? How the solar system formed Competing theories about the formation of rocks The stratification of the Earth's interior How gravity helped heat the Earth

26. Why does the professor say this:??? She rejects most of the traditional views of planetary formation. She hopes the students will review the traditional theory. She thinks new theories offer a better explanation of planetary formation. She believes that scientific theories are open to challenge.

27. What does the professor imply about the formation of the Earth? It is familiar to some of the students. A lot of background reading is necessary. The theory has explanatory gaps. A later course will deal with it in detail.

28. According to the professor, how was rock distributed before differentiation? In various layers Randomly With the heaviest near the surface Heavy material was stratified

29. According to the professor, which is probably the main reason for the heating of the Earth? Pressure due to the force of gravity Solar radiation The impact of objects from space Radioactive decay

30. What two points are true according to the lecture? Choose 2 answers The core of the planet has the densest material. Differentiation occurred when the planetary sphere formed. The atmosphere was formed during the process of differentiation. The heating of the Earth produced a random distribution of material.

Questions 31-35

START

Listen to part of a conversation between a student and an advisor at the University Learning Center.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

31. What does the student need from the advisor? Advice on how to apply for funding for graduate research Help in finding universities that offer marine biology degrees Application forms for the graduate program in marine biology Information on meeting the requirements to apply to graduate school

32. Where will the student and the advisor look for the information the student needs on university degree programs? On the Internet In tne biology department In reference books In marine biology articles

33. What can be inferred about applying to graduate school? There is an application fee. There are too many to apply to. There are no research opportunities. There are no restrictions on applicants.

34. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the advisor say this:??? To help the student narrow his search To advise the student of the competition To find out about the student's hobbies To suggest some articles to read in his field

35. Why does the advisor suggest that the student read some of the published articles about intertidal zones? To get more information about the marine environment To locate the universities where people do marine research To find professors who might be helpful in his field of interest To make decisions about going on for a doctorate in marine biology